Chapter 26: Doing Good with Money

James Farmer: “We do what we have to do so we can do what we want to do.”

– The Great Debaters (2007)

Most people want to make the world a better place, and one of the ways to do that is to put our money where our beliefs are. Our power as consumers—where we spend, what we buy—is one way to express our priorities. But there are others.

Charitable Contributions

Charitable giving is the most direct and personal way to use money for causes you care about. Most of us know organizations that are important to us. But what if you want to support an issue and don’t know who does good work on it. Or you are asked to donate to a charity that you don’t know much about. Marketing materials are always full of touching anecdotes, but not all non-profit organizations are well run. And unfortunately there are also outright scams that try to exploit your generosity.

It is not hard to do a basic check on charities. Look them up on watchdog sites such as Give.org, CharityWatch, and Charity Navigator. These services can also help you identify organizations that support a cause you are interested in.

What about deducting contributions from your income to reduce your tax bill? Possibly. Charitable contributions are deductible if you itemize deductions on your tax return. [65a] You can also deduct donations to governments, for example your local police department. Make sure the organization qualifies by asking them or by checking the IRS’s database.

If you get something of value in return for your donation, that portion is not deductible. The charity needs to tell you the deductible amount. It is best to get a written acknowledgement for your tax records.

You can deduct the value of items you donate, such as used clothes, furniture, even cars. Figuring out that value can be tricky but there are pointers in the tax preparation programs and IRS instructions.

There are a bunch of things you cannot deduct: time you put in as a volunteer for a charity, raffle tickets, and political contributions, among others.

ESG Investing

Do you want your investment dollars to support good business practices and avoid harmful products? Check out ESG investing, which tries to favor the stocks and bonds of “good” corporate citizens. ESG stands for environmental, social, and (corporate) governance. You’ll also hear terms like socially responsible investing, sustainable investing, and impact investing. These all kind of overlap.

The problem is defining what is “good.” What issues matter the most to you? People have different views on workplace practices, diversity, executive pay, carbon emissions, gambling, alcohol sales, weapons and firearms sales, nuclear energy, and fossil fuels, all of which can come under the ESG umbrella.

Likewise, investment companies have many ways of doing ESG investing. When picking securities, they might ask “How much ‘bad’ stuff does this company do that might hurt its stock price?” or “How much good is this company doing in the world?” or “How is this company treating their employees and customers?” The answers to these questions are not cut and dried. It is also often not obvious how they are translated into investment choices. When you look at who makes the cut, tech companies often get high marks. (Microsoft is #1 on many lists.)

You can get a flavor for how one organization ranks companies on various issues at Just Capital.

Serious ESG investing takes a lot of work and adds risk. You need to research companies that fit with your priorities and beliefs. Or pay someone to do it for you. You could end up with just a few dozen to invest in, maybe concentrated in just a handful of industries. This is risky.

In the meantime, if you just want an ESG slant to your investment plan, don't abandon the principles from Chapter 14. Emphasize broad diversification (many securities in a fund) and low expense ratios. Here are some ESG funds you can use instead of regular index funds:

Asset Class	Fund Name	Ticker	Expense Ratio	Investment Approach
U.S. Stocks	Vanguard ESG Stock ETF	ESGV	0.12%	Invests in about 1,500 stocks screened for ESG criteria. Excludes companies in the following industries: adult entertainment, alcohol, tobacco, weapons, fossil fuels, gambling, and nuclear power
	iShares ESG MSCI USA ETF	ESGU	0.15%	Invests in about 300 U.S. stocks with high ESG ratings from rating company MSCI
	Goldman Sachs JUST U.S. Large Cap Equity ETF	JUST	0.20%	Invests in about 500 of the largest U.S. stocks with the best ESG rating in their industry from Just Capital
International Stocks	Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF	VSGX	0.17%	Invests in about 4,000 international stocks screened for ESG criteria. Excludes companies in the following industries: adult entertainment, alcohol, tobacco, weapons, fossil fuels, gambling, and nuclear power
U.S. Bonds	iShares ESG U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF	EAGG	0.10%	Invests in about 1500 bonds. Similar to the AGG ETF but excludes bonds from companies with low ESG ratings by rating company MSCI

Warning: If you choose to invest in ESG funds, remember that “doing good” with your investments does not assure that your investments will do well.

Resources

Government and Regulatory Agencies

Internal Revenues Service (IRS)	Database of tax-exempt organizations for which donations are deductible	https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/

Businesses

Guidestar	Provides access to information and data on non-profit organizations	https://www.guidestar.org/
Give.org / BBB Wise Giving Alliance	Affiliated with the Better Business Bureau, accredits non-profits based on various standards	https://www.give.org/
Charity Navigator	Independent research company that evaluates and scores charities. Covers many thousands of non-profits	https://www.charitynavigator.org/
CharityWatch	Independent research company that grades charities from A+ to F. Covers several hundred non-profits	https://www.charitywatch.org/